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[Herpetology • 2016] Diet and Body Condition of Cave-dwelling Dwarf Crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis, Cope 1861) in Gabon

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Figure 4.   Side by side photo of two adult male Osteolaemus tetraspis. The left individual was captured in the Abanda caves and displays the bizarre orange skin colour. We do not yet fully understand the mechanism underlying this colour change, though suspect it is caused by a chemical bleaching process after long periods of exposure to high urea concentrations from bat guano. 

Abstract

We present the first ever observations of dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) selectively utilizing a cave ecosystem. We analysed crocodile diet to preliminarily assess the degree of ecological isolation of cave-dwelling crocodiles from their forest-dwelling conspecifics despite their physical proximity. We additionally conducted the first study of body condition of dwarf crocodiles and compared cave-dwelling individuals to surface-dwelling individuals from a variety of alternative habitats and sites as a means to better understand the implications of a semihypogean life on this species. Crocodiles captured in the caves appeared to forage exclusively in the caves and ate mostly cave crickets and bats, whereas crocodiles captured in the surrounding forest habitat consumed primarily freshwater crustaceans and insects and were not found to consume cave-dwelling prey. Juvenile cave crocodiles had significantly higher body condition compared to juvenile forest crocodiles, which did not vary amongst forest locations. The difference in body condition between adult cave and forest crocodiles was not statistically significant despite also being higher; we suspect this is an artifact of the low sample size rather than a real nondifference. Forest adult crocodiles generally had significantly higher body condition than juveniles, but did not vary by site or habitat. This lack of variation suggests that habitat type is not the most important factor influencing dwarf crocodile body condition. Our results provide a unique insight into facultative cave use by a principally surface-dwelling species and reinforce the necessity for further research into this unique system to better understand the evolutionary-scale implications of cave habitat use by dwarf crocodiles.


Matthew H. Shirley, Brittany Burtner, Richard Oslisly, David Sebag and Olivier Testa. 2016. Diet and Body Condition of Cave-dwelling Dwarf Crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis, Cope 1861) in Gabon.   African Journal of Ecology, DOI:  10.1111/aje.12365 



Résumé: Nous présentons ici la première observation de crocodile nain (Osteolaemus tetraspis) dans un écosystème cavernicole. Nous avons analysé leur régime alimentaire pour évaluer le degré d'isolement écologique par rapport à leurs conspécifiques forestiers indépendamment de leur proximité physique. Nous avons également effectué la première étude sur les conditions physiques des crocodiles nains et nous avons ensuite comparé les individus troglodytes par rapport à ceux de l'extérieur dans une variété d'habitats et de sites afin d'explorer les conséquences d'une vie semi-hypogée sur cette espèce. Les crocodiles capturés dans les grottes semblent trouver leur nourriture exclusivement dans les cavités, la plupart des proies identifiées étant des grillons cavernicoles et des chauves-souris. Au contraire, les crocodiles capturés à l'extérieur dans les habitats forestiers, consomment principalement des crustacés d'eau douce et des insectes mais jamais de proies troglodytes. En comparaison, les crocodiles troglodytes juvéniles avaient une meilleure condition physique que les crocodiles juvéniles forestiers. La différence de condition physique entre les crocodiles troglodytes adultes et les crocodiles adultes forestiers n'a pas été statistiquement significative en dépit d’être également plus élevé; nous soupçonnons que cela soit un artefact de la faible taille de l’échantillon plutôt que d'une véritable non-différence. Sur les différents sites et habitats forestiers, les crocodiles adultes avaient généralement une condition physique meilleure que celle des juvéniles, et les conditions physiques des deux catégories démographiques ne variaient pas. Cette faible variation entre les sites forestiers indique que le type d'habitat n'est pas un facteur important pour le contrôle de la condition physique des crocodiles nains. Ces premiers résultats fournissent un aperçu unique de l'utilisation facultative des grottes par des espèces principalement inféodées à des habitats de surface. Ils renforcent la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches pour mieux comprendre comment et en quoi l'utilisation de l'habitat cavernicole par les crocodiles nains influe sur leur évolution.


[Entomology • 2016] A Review of the Genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 with the Description of A New Species, Trichoura pardeos, from the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and A Key to World Willistonininae (Diptera, Asilidae)

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Figures 10–14. Photographs of Trichoura pardeos sp. n. (paratype USNMENT01115152) and habitat: 10 dorsal (Morphbank #860646) 11 lateral (#860648) 12 head anterior (#860650) 1314 rocky hill habitat at type locality at Tierberg Nature Reserve, Keimoes, Northern Cape, South Africa (28°43'01"S 020°59'48"E). 
Habitat photographs by T. Dikow. Scale bars: 1 mm. 


Abstract
The South African assassin-fly genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 is reviewed. A new species, Trichoura pardeos sp. n., is described from the arid Karoo in north-western South Africa. A new key to all seven recognized species is provided and the distribution and phenology are discussed. The world fauna of Willistonininae is reviewed, a new taxon Sisyrnodytini tribe n. (type genus Sisyrnodytes Loew, 1856) is established for Ablautus Loew, 1866, Acnephalomyia Londt, 2010, Ammodaimon Londt, 1985, Astiptomyia Londt, 2010, Sisyrnodytes, and Sporadothrix Hermann, 1908 and photographs for all Willistonininae genera are provided.

Keywords: Assassin flies, robber flies, Afrotropical, Nearctic, new tribe, new species




Figures 7–9. Photographs of Trichoura tankwa and habitat:
7female fly perching on low, dry branch (Morphbank #860609; #860611) Little Karoo veld habitat at De Zeekoe Guest Farm near Oudtshoorn, Eastern Cape, South Africa (33°37'26"S 022°08'39"E).
Photographs by T. Dikow. 








Figures 10–14. Photographs of Trichoura pardeos sp. n. (paratype USNMENT01115152) and habitat: 10 dorsal (Morphbank #860646) 11 lateral (#860648) 12 head anterior (#860650) 1314 rocky hill habitat at type locality at Tierberg Nature Reserve, Keimoes, Northern Cape, South Africa (28°43'01"S 020°59'48"E).
Habitat photographs by T. Dikow. Scale bars: 1 mm. 

Etymology: Gr. Pardos m. – leopard + oros, -eos n. mountain. Named after the type locality of Tierberg Nature Reserve (Tierberg meaning tiger (= leopard) mountain).

Distribution, phenology and biology: Known only from the type locality. Collected in February (Table 1). Little is known of the biology. Tierberg Nature Reserve is a small conservation area comprised almost entirely of a large rocky hill on the outskirts of Keimoes, a small town located on the north banks of the Gariep (= Orange) River which provides water for agricultural activities in what is otherwise an arid area of the country. Vegetation is sparse and dominated by succulents such as aloes (Figs 13–14). The flies were found resting on hard-baked ground and stones.


 Jason G.H. Lond and Torsten Dikow. 2016. A Review of the Genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 with the Description of A New Species from the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and A Key to World Willistonininae (Diptera, Asilidae).  African Invertebrates. 57(2); 119-135.   DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.57.10772

Assassins on the rise: A new species and a new tribe of endemic South African robber flies http://blog.pensoft.net/2016/12/06/assassins-on-the-rise-a-new-species-and-a-new-tribe-of-endemic-south-african-robber-flies/




[Botany • 2013] Gastrodia takeshimensis • A New Mycoheterotrophic Species (Orchidaceae) from Japan

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  Gastrodia takeshimensis Suetsugu

ABSTRACT
A new speciesGastrodia takeshimensis Suetsugu (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae) from Takeshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is described and illustrated. Its elongated corolla tube suggests a close affinity to G. nipponica, but it is easily distinguished from G. nipponica by its narrower and enclosed perianth tube, a lip that is joined with the perianth tube without any appendage, and a taller inflorescence during the flowering period.




Kenji Suetsugu. 2013. Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), A New Mycoheterotrophic Species from Japan. Annales Botanici Fennici. 50(6):375-378. DOI:  10.5735/085.050.0613


[Entomology • 2014] Pycnotarsobrentus inuiae • A New Genus and Species of Myrmecophilous Brentid Beetle (Coleoptera: Brentidae) Inhabiting the Myrmecophytic Epiphytes in the Bornean Rainforest Canopy

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 Pycnotarsobrentus inuiae 
Maruyama & Bartolozzi, 2014   


Abstract

Pycnotarsobrentus inuiaeMaruyama & Bartolozzi, gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Brentinae: Eremoxenini) is described from the Lambir Hills National Park, Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) based on specimens collected from Crematogaster difformis F. Smith, 1857 ant nests in the myrmecophytic epiphytic ferns Platycerium crustacea Copel. and Lecanopteris ridleyi H. Christ. A second species of Pycnotarsobrentus is known from Malaysia but is represented by only one female and consequently not yet described pending discovery of a male. Pycnotarsobrentus belongs to the tribe Eremoxenini and shares some character states with the African genus Pericordus Kolbe, 1883. No species of Eremoxenini with similar morphological modifications are known from the Oriental region.

Keywords: Myrmecophily, Crematogaster difformis, Eremoxenini, Malaysia


Pycnotarsobrentus Maruyama & Bartolozzi, gen. nov. 
Type species. Pycnotarsobrentus inuiaeMaruyama & Bartolozzi, sp. nov., by present designation.


Differential diagnosis. This genus is close to the African genus Pericordus Kolbe, 1883, in the head and rostrum lacking depression or carinae, short antennae, laterally compressed femora and tibiae, and rather thick and short tarsi, but clearly distinguished from it by the antennal segments being cylindrical, rugose and rather compressed, with the apical segment rounded at apex, by the mesorostrum being not convex, by the tarsi being shorter, with parallel-sided segments and extremely short tarsal segment IV. 

Etymology. The generic name is derived from Greek words meaning “stout tarsi-bearing brentid” for one its important character states: the thick, short tarsi. Gender masculine. 





Pycnotarsobrentus inuiae Maruyama & Bartolozzi, sp. nov. 

Differential diagnosis. No species of Eremoxenini with similar morphological modifications are known from the Oriental region and the new taxon is easily distinguishable from all other Asian Eremoxenini by the generic diagnosis. 

Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Yoko Inui, one of the collectors, for her invaluable contribution to the knowledge of tree canopy ant communities.

 Bionomics. The beetles were found exclusively inside the nests of C. difformis in the domatia of the epiphytic ferns (Figs. 8, 9). They were observed to walk slowly when the nests were excavated (Fig. 10, 11), and the ants did not pay any attention to them. Ecological studies on the communities of the myrmecophiles in the nests of C. difformis are in progress by the Japanese authors. 


Maruyama, Munetoshi, Luca Bartolozzi, Yoko Inui, Hiroshi O. Tanaka, Fujio Hyodo, Usun Shimizu-Kaya, Yoko Takematsu, Takuo Hishi and Takao Itioka. 2014. A New Genus and Species of Myrmecophilous Brentid Beetle (Coleoptera: Brentidae) Inhabiting the Myrmecophytic Epiphytes in the Bornean Rainforest Canopy.
  Zootaxa. 3786(1); 73–78.  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.1.5

  

[Botany • 2016] Nepenthes krabiensis • A New Species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Thailand

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 Nepenthes krabiensis 
  Nuanlaong, Onsanit, Chusangrach & Suraninpong 


ABSTRACT
This paper describes and illustrates Nepenthes krabiensis of Nepenthaceae, Nepenthes krabiensis. The new species is closely related to N. rosea which has been found in the same habitat of the wildlife sanctuary of Krabi Province in Southern Thailand.

KEYWORDS: Thailand, Krabi, Peninsular Thailand, taxonomy.


Figure 3. Nepenthes krabiensis. A. habitat and habit, C. lower pitcher; D. upper pitcher. 

 Distribution.― Southern Thailand, founded only at Khao Pra-Bang Khram Wildlife Sanctuary, Krabi Province, Thailand. 
Ecology.― On summit areas, in sandy or mool soil, often growing in limestone rock crevices, at 600–700 m above sea level. 

Etymology.― The species is named after Krabi Province, to which it is endemic. 

Phenology.― Flowering June to August. 

Proposed IUCN conservation outlook assessment(2012).― Nepenthes krabiensis is assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B2ab (ii)]. It distributed in an area of 500 m2 and only on a single site on the summit of Mt Nor Ju Jee. 

Notes.―Nepenthes krabiensis is similar to N. rosea which grows in the same province and also on limestone mountains. The species share lanceolate, pseudo-petiolate and decurrent leaves, but N. krabiensis differs from N. rosea in the conspicuous coloration of the lower pitchers: being orange with red stripes, with red blotches over the inner surface and absent in the glandular zone, the green to orange or red peristome, the green to red lid upper surface, and the green to yellow or orange lid lower surface. The lower pitchers of N. rosea are green to light pink with dark pink stripes outside, and uniformly green to dark pink over the inner surface.


 Sanya Nuanlaong, Sarayut Onsanit, Vutthipong Chusangrach, Potjamarn Suraninpong. 2016. A New Species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Thailand. THAI FOREST BULL., BOT 44(2); : 128–133. DOI:  10.20531/tfb.2016.44.2.09

[Entomology • 2016] Nicklephyllum n. gen. from Colombia • New Taxa and Some Clarification of the tribe Steirodontini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae): Tenth Contribution to the Suprageneric Organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

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Nicklephyllum acanthonotum (Nickle, 1985)

 Cadena-Castañeda, 2016. 
  DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4208.3.3 

Abstract

The tribe of the giant katydids Steirodontini is reviewed, its relationship with other groups of Phaneropterinae from the Old and New World is discussed, and an updated key to genera is presented. Nicklephyllum n. gen. is established to accommodate one species described as Stilpnochlora acanthonotum Nickle, 1985 from Colombia. Cnemidophyllum tani n. sp. from the Colombian Amazon is described. Another new combination and two synonymies are proposed: Steirodon (Frontinus) emsleyi (Piza, 1979) n. comb.,Steirodon (Posidippus) parastahli Piza, 1979 n. syn. (of Steirodon (Steirodon) ponderosum Stål, 1873), and Steirodon (Posidippus) tricenarius (Piza, 1974) n. syn. (of Steirodon (Frontinus) rufolineatum Emsley, 1970). Finally, Steirodon (Posidippus) rarospinulosum(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891), only known from Peru, is reported from the Colombian Amazon.

Keywords: Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae, giant katydids, Steirodon, Cnemidophyllum, Stilpnochlora, Emsleyfolium



Oscar J. Cadena-Castañeda. 2016. New Taxa and Some Clarification of the tribe Steirodontini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae): Tenth Contribution to the Suprageneric Organization of Neotropical phaneropterines.
Zootaxa. 4208(3); 237–248.   DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4208.3.3

[Botany • 2016] Dudleya hendrixii • A New, Rare Species (Crassulaceae) from Colonet Mesa, Baja California

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Dudleya hendrixii 
S. McCabe & Dodero 


Abstract
Dudleya hendrixii S. McCabe & Dodero is a succulent endemic, restricted to a small area of Colonet Mesa (Baja California, Mexico). It is similar to the more widespread D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. blochmaniae, which has been placed in subg. Hasseanthus (Rose) Moran, and to D. attenuata (S. Watson) Moran subsp. orcuttii (Rose) Moran, which has been placed in subg. Stylophyllum (Britton & Rose) Moran. Both of these other species have much wider ranges. Dudleya hendrixii differs from D. blochmaniae subsp. blochmaniae in having fewer, terete, more upright, and waxier leaves. Unlike D. attenuata subsp. orcuttii, D. hendrixii is summer deciduous, acaulescent, and has much shorter inflorescences.

Keywords: Colonet, Crassulaceae, Dudleya, Jimi Hendrix, new species, rare




Stephen Ward McCabe, Mark W. Dodero and Michael G. Simpson. 2016. Dudleya hendrixii A New, Rare Species From Colonet Mesa, Baja California.
 Madroño63(4); 359-365.  DOI:  10.3120/0024-9637-63.4.359


Resumen: Dudleya hendrixii S. McCabe & Dodero es suculenta. Dudleya hendrixii es endémico a una pequeña porción de la mesa Colonet. Es similar a la D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. blochmaniae, que se ha colocado en el subgenera Hasseanthus (Rose) Moran, y D. attenuata (S. Watson) Moran subsp. orcuttii (Rose) Moran, que se ha colocado en el subgenera Stylophyllum (Britton & Rose) Moran, las cuales tienen rangos más extensivos. Se distingue Dudleya hendrixii de D. blochmaniae subsp. blochmaniae por la presencia de menos hojas, que son más verticales, cilíndricos, más vertical, y las hojas más cerosas. A diferencia de D. attenuata subsp. orcuttii, D. hendrixii es de hoja caducifolio verano, casi sin tallo, y tiene inflorescencias mucho más cortos.


Jimi Hendrix Lends New Plant Species His Name | NewsCenter | SDSU http://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=76502
Rare Baja liveforever plant named after late rock great Jimi Hendrix | The Japan Times http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2016/12/16/entertainment-news/rare-baja-liveforever-plant-named-late-rock-great-jimi-hendrix/

[Botany • 2014] Impatiens paramjitiana • A New Species of Balsaminaceae from Arunachal Pradesh, India

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Impatiens paramjitiana  
Gogoi & Borah 


Abstract
A new species Impatiens paramjitiana is described and illustrated from Siang valley of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This species is similar to I. apsotis Hook. f. in general floral shapes but differs having spirally arranged leaves, shallowly serrate leaf margins, deep purple flowers, lateral sepals purple, capsule turgid at the middle.


Impatiens paramjitiana Gogoi & Borah, sp. nov. 
 Similar to Iapsotis Hook. f. (1911: 2972) in general floral shapes but differs having spirally arranged leaves, shallowly serrate leaf margins, deep purple flowers, lateral sepals purple, capsule turgid at the middle. 


 Rajib Gogoi and Souravjyoti Borah. 2014. Impatiens paramjitiana, A New Species of Balsaminaceae from Arunachal Pradesh, India.  
Phytotaxa. 175(3); 171-175. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.8



[Ichthyology • 2014] Aphanius furcatus • A New and Unique Species of the Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran: A Case of Regressive Evolution

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Aphanius furcatus 

Fig. 3. (A) Male and (B) female ofAphanius furcatus sp. n. Paratypes collected from type locality (photos refer to specimens in aquarium).
Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H.R., Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. (2014) 

Abstract
A primarily vicariance-based speciation has been suggested for the killifish genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827, but ecological factors are likely to have promoted the speciation processes in addition. Here, we report on the discovery of a unique Aphanius species from Southern Iran and show that also regressive evolution has shaped the present-day diversity of Aphanius. The species is characterized by complete absence of scales and reduction in the biomineralization of hard structures, particularly of the caudal skeleton and jaw teeth. Based on mt-DNA sequences, morphometric and meristic data, osteology, jaw teeth and otoliths, it is described as Aphanius furcatus sp. n. The new species is sympatric with A. dispar ( Rüppell, 1829) in salty rivers and hot sulphuric springs in the Hormuzgan Basin (Southern Iran), and is sister taxon to this species plus A. ginaonis Holly, 1929. Based on geological data we estimate that the divergence between the lineages of A. furcatus and A. dispar is about 12–14 million years old. We conclude that the reductive phenomena observed in A. furcatus have evolved as an evolutionary response to the extreme habitat conditions in order to save energy (because storage of Ca2+ is not necessary), and to transport oxygen efficiently. The results confirm that regressive evolution is an important factor in speciation and occurs independently in separate lineages.

Keywords: Aphanius; Mitochondrial DNA; Evolutionary history; Extreme habitat conditions; Hormuzgan


Azad Teimori, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Dirk Erpenbeck and Bettina Reichenbacher. 2014. A New and Unique Species of the Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran: A Case of Regressive Evolution.  Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology.  253(4); 327–337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.12.001 

[Herpetology • 2017] Extended Molecular Phylogenetics and Revised Systematics of Malagasy Scincine Lizards

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Fig. 1. Phylogeny of Malagasy scincine lizards, based on a 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred through Bayesian analysis of 12 concatenated loci (3 mtDNA, 9 nDNA) comprising 8060 bp (outgroups not shown). Node values represent posterior probability from BI and bootstrap support from ML and MP analyses, respectively (see Fig. SM2). Bootstrap values under 70 are not displayed and denoted with a dash. Dashed branches indicate the tentative placement of taxa with multiple missing data (as inferred with a second Bayesian analysis) and with posterior probabilities in parentheses. Clades characterized by quadrupedal taxa are highlighted in color, while the clades consisting of limb-reduced fossorial taxa are highlighted in grey. For Grandidierina fierinensisParacontias mahamavo and P. ampijoroensis, two individuals each were included in the analyses (see Table SM1) that showed very low intraspecific genetic divergence, and were collapsed in the tree to display all terminal taxa at the species level. The three candidate species of Amphiglossus are named according to provisional names used in Glaw and Vences (2007).

 Highlights
• A new phylogenetic hypothesis for Malagasy scincines based on an extended multilocus dataset.
• Phenotypic comparisons corroborate divergent molecular patterns of evolution.
• Three separate clades of Amphiglossus, characterized by different degrees of body elongation.
• Amphiglossus redefined into three different genera based on combined molecular and morphological findings.

Abstract
Among the endemic biota of Madagascar, skinks are a diverse radiation of lizards that exhibit a striking ecomorphological variation, and could provide an interesting system to study body-form evolution in squamate reptiles. We provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis for Malagasy skinks of the subfamily Scincinae based on an extended molecular dataset comprising 8060 bp from three mitochondrial and nine nuclear loci. Our analysis also maximizes taxon sampling of the genus Amphiglossus by including 16 out of 25 nominal species. Additionally, we examined whether the molecular phylogenetic patterns coincide with morphological differentiation in the species currently assigned to this genus. Various methods of inference recover a mostly strongly supported phylogeny with three main clades of Amphiglossus. However, relationships among these three clades and the limb-reduced genera GrandidierinaVoeltzkowia and Pygomeles remain uncertain, mainly based on maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony estimates. Supported by a variety of morphological differences (predominantly related to the degree of body elongation), but considering the remaining phylogenetic uncertainty, we propose a redefinition of Amphiglossus into three different genera (Amphiglossus sensu strictoFlexiseps new genus, and Brachyseps new genus) to remove the non-monophyly of Amphiglossus sensu lato and to facilitate future studies on this fascinating group of lizards.

Keywords: Madagascar; Skinks; Phylogeny; Morphology; Taxonomy; Scincidae




Jesse Erens, Aurélien Miralles, Frank Glaw, Lars Chatrou and Miguel Vences. 2017. Extended Molecular Phylogenetics and Revised Systematics of Malagasy Scincine Lizards. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.008

[Crustacea • 2013 “2015”] Six New Species of Freshwater Crabs of the Genera Microthelphusa & Fredius (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae) from Pantepui, Venezuela

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Plate 2. Dorsal view of the cephalothorax of six freshwater crab new species: A.- Microthelphusa aracamuniensis, n. sp.; B.- Mmarahuacaensis, n. sp.; C.- Mguaiquinimaensis, n. sp.; D.- M. maigualidaensis, n. sp.; E.- Mroraimaensis,n. sp.; F.- Fredius cuaoensis,n. sp.  
Suárez, 2013 “2015”.  DOI:  10.5281/zenodo.18333

Abstract

Six new species of  pseudothelphusid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) are described from several rivers of the Pantepui region of Venezuela, in the states of Amazonas and Bolívar: Microthelphusa aracamuniensis, n. sp.M. guaiquinimaensis, n. sp.M. maigualidaensis, n. sp., M. marahuacaensis, n. sp.M. roraimaensis, n. sp., and Fredius cuaoensis, n. sp.

Keywords: Brachyura, Cerro Guaiquinima, Cerro Marahuaca, Fredius, Microtelphusa, Monte Aracamuni, Serranía de Mai-gualida, Río Cuao, Roraima.

Plate 2. Dorsal view of the cephalothorax of six freshwater crab new species:
A.- Microthelphusa aracamuniensis, n. sp.; B.- M. marahuacaensis, n. sp.; C.- M. guaiquinimaensis, n. sp.; D.- M. maigualidaensis, n. sp.; E.- M. roraimaensis,n. sp.; F.- Fredius cuaoensis,n. sp. 



Suárez, Héctor. 2013 “2015”. Six New Species of Freshwater Crabs from Pantepui, Venezuela (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae).
ANARTIA. 25; 64–94. DOI:  10.5281/zenodo.18333


Seis nuevas especies de cangrejos de agua dulce del Pantepui, Venezuela (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae)
Resumen: Se describen seis nuevas especies de cangrejos pseudotelfúsidos (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) procedentes de varios ríos de la región pantepuyana de Venezuela, en los estados Amazonas y Bolívar: Microthelphusa aracamuniensis, n. sp., M. guaiquinimaensis, n. sp., M. maigualidaensis, n. sp. M. marahuacaensis, n. sp., M. roraimaensis, n. sp., y Fredius cuaoensis, n. sp.

  

[Ichthyology • 2016] Three New Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from the Indo–West Pacific; Himantura australis, Taeniura lessoni & Telatrygon biasa

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 Taeniura lessoni  
Last, White & Naylor, 2016  


Abstract

Three undescribed stingrays were discovered as part of a broader revision of the family Dasyatidae that formed part of the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life project. This research forms part of a sequence of papers on rays aimed at describing unnamed species for inclusion in a multi-authored guide to rays of the world. The first part of this series focused on a redefinition of genera of the family Dasyatidae. The new Indo–West Pacific taxa are represented by separate genera from three dasyatid subfamilies: Himantura australis sp. nov. (northern Australia and Papua New Guinea), Taeniura lessoni sp. nov. (Melanesia) and Telatrygon biasa sp. nov. (Indo–Malay Archipelago).

Himantura australis sp. nov., which belongs to a complex of four closely related reticulate whiprays, differs subtly from its congeners in coloration, morphometrics and distribution. Taeniura lessoni sp. nov. is the second species in a genus containing the widely-distributed T. lymma, which is possibly the most abundant stingray in shallow coral-reef habitats of the Indo–Pacific, with the new species apparently restricted to Melanesia. Taeniura lessoni sp. nov. is distinguishable by the absence of a distinctive pair of vivid blue longitudinal stripes on the dorsolateral edges of the tail which is one of the most distinctive features of T. lymma. Telatrygon biasa sp. nov. belongs to a small, recently designated genus of stingrays represented by four species in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Telatrygon biasa sp. nov. differs from these species in morphometrics. The new species differs markedly from T. zugei in its NADH2 sequence.Telatrygon crozieri is resurrected as a valid northern Indian Ocean representative of the T. zugei complex.

Keywords: Pisces, Dasyatidae, Himantura australisTaeniura lessoniTelatrygon biasaTelatrygon crozieri, new species, Indo–West Pacific





Peter R. Last, William T. White and Gavin Naylor. 2016. Three New Stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from the Indo–West Pacific. Zootaxa. 4147(4);  DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.2

Taeniura lessoni - A New Species of Blue-spotted Stingray https://reefs.com/2016/08/05/taeniura-lessoni-new-species-blue-spotted-stingray/ via @reefscom



[Mammalogy • 2016] Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in the Czech Republic: the First Record of A Live Animal and Its Long-term Persistence in the Colonized Habitat

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Figure 2. Photographs of a golden jackal (Canis aureus) individual in the summer (A) and winter (B).


Abstract
A golden jackal (Canis aureus) individual was recorded ~40 km east of Prague in the Czech Republic. It is the first record of a living golden jackal in the country; up to now several individuals have been recorded but all of them were either shot dead or killed by a vehicle. The observed animal was documented by camera traps set up for research of carnivore diversity in different habitats in the study area. It was first photographed on 19 June 2015, and in total there were 57 records made by 12 traps until 24 March 2016 when the animal was still present in the area. Forty-nine of the 57 records were made in a shrubby grassland over an area of ~100 ha, 39% of sightings were during the day and 61% in the night. There were two distinct peaks in the circadian activity of the animal, from 4 to 10 a.m., and from 6 p.m. to midnight. We also review the verified records of the golden jackal in the Czech Republic, some of which were only published in local hunting magazines. However, the observation reported in this paper represents the first evidence of a long-term occurrence in Europe of the same golden jackal individual, that persisted for at least nine months and over winter, northwest of Hungarian-Austrian border where the population has been known to reproduce.

Keywords: Golden jackal, Habitat, Persistence, Range expansion





 Klára Pyšková, David Storch, Ivan Horáček, Ondřej Kauzál and Petr Pyšek. 2016. Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in the Czech Republic: the First Record of A Live Animal and Its Long-term Persistence in the Colonized Habitat. 
ZooKeys. 641; 151-163. DOI:  10.3897/zookeys.641.10946


[Ichthyology • 2016] Moenkhausia conspicua • A New Species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae) from Amazon Basin, Brazil

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 Moenkhausia conspicua 
 Soares & Bührnheim, 2016 

 Abstract

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar to Moenkhausia collettiiM. copei, and Mvenerei by the presence of a dark horizontal stripe across the middle portion of the eye, a conspicuous slightly rounded humeral blotch, a dark longitudinal midlateral stripe and a dark stripe along the anal-fin base. However, the new species can be distinguished from M. collettii, M. copei, and M. venerei mainly by the number of cusps on the inner row of the premaxillary, maxillary and dentary teeth, and by the number of scales in transversal series above and below the lateral line.

Keywords: Pisces, taxonomy, color pattern, Hemigrammus barrigonaeHemigrammus lunatus group


FIGURE 1. Moenkhausia conspicua, holotype, INPA 38782, male, 33.9 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Mojuí dos Campos, rio Curuá-Una basin. 


Distribution. Moenkhausia conspicua is known from the rio Curuá-Una and rio Moju, lower Amazon basin, Pará State, Brazil. 

Etymology. The specific epithet conspicua comes from the Latin, meaning visible, in allusion to the presence of two dark stripes, one extended along midbody and the other along the anal-fin basis. 


Isabel Matos Soares and Cristina Motta Bührnheim. 2016. A New Species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae) from Amazon Basin, Brazil. 
Zootaxa. 4208(4); 392–400. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.6

[Botany • 2015] Impatiens kingdon-wardii • A New Species from Mt. Victoria (Natma Taung), northwestern Myanmar

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Impatiens kingdon-wardii 
Nob. Tanaka & T. Sugaw. 


Abstract
A new species, Impatiens kingdon-wardii Nob. Tanaka & T. Sugaw. (Balsaminaceae), is described and illustrated from Mt. Victoria (Natma Taung), northwestern Myanmar. This species is distinguished from any other species by the pink orbicular, densely pubescent lateral sepals, appearance of which is like two ears of the mouse, and upper lobes of lateral united petals with hairy club-shaped protuberance.

Keywords: Balsaminaceae, Impatiens, Mt. Victoria, Myanmar, new species, Eudicots, Myanmar


 Nobuyuki Tanaka, Takeshi Sugawara, Mu Mu Aung and Jin Murata. 2015. Impatiens kingdon-wardii (Balsaminaceae), A New Species from Mt. Victoria (Natma Taung), Myanmar. Phytotaxa. 234(1); 90. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.7

      


[Mammalogy • 2016] The Critically Endangered Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri found in the Salween River Basin, China

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Family of Rhinopithecus strykeri in Luoma, China, near the border with Myanmar. 

Photo: Yinping Tian  mongabay.com  

Abstract
The Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri was discovered in 2010 on the western slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Irrawaddy River basin in Myanmar and subsequently in the same river basin in China, in 2011. Based on 2 years of surveying the remote and little disturbed forest of the Gaoligong Mountains National Nature Reserve in China, with outline transect sampling and infrared camera monitoring, a breeding group comprising > 70 individuals was found on the eastern slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Salween River Basin. Given the Critically Endangered status of this primate (a total of < 950 individuals are estimated to remain in the wild), efforts to protect the relatively undisturbed habitat of this newly discovered population and to prevent hunting are essential for the long-term survival of this species.

Keywords:  China; Myanmar snub-nosed monkey; new population; Rhinopithecus strykeri; Salween River

Rhinopithecus strykeri in the newly discovered population in Luoma, China, near the border with Myanmar.  
Photo: Dong Shaohua DOI: 10.1017/S0030605316000934  
  
  Mother and infant of Rhinopithecus strykeri in the newly discovered population in Luoma, China, near the border with Myanmar.
Photo: Dong Shaohua  DOI: 10.1017/S0030605316000934  
  
Yin Yang, Ying-Ping Tian, Chen-Xiang He, Zhipang Huang, Shao-Hua Dong, Bin Wang, Guang-Song Li, Zuo-Fu Xiang, Yong-Cheng Long and Wen Xiao. 2016. The Critically Endangered Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri found in the Salween River Basin, China.

New population of rare Myanmar snub-nosed monkey discovered in China https://news.mongabay.com/2016/12/new-population-of-rare-myanmar-snub-nosed-monkey-discovered-in-china @mongabay 

 

[Ichthyology • 2016] Neobathyclupea melanoptera • A New Species of Neobathyclupea from the northern Indian Ocean with Comments on N. malayana (Perciformes, Bathyclupeidae)

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Neobathyclupea melanoptera 
Prokofiev, Gon & Psomadakis, 2016


Abstract

A new species of Neobathyclupea is described from two specimens collected off Myanmar and off Socotra Island. The new species is most similar to N. malayana, but differs from it and other congeners in having jet-black coloured fins, larger pseudobranch, dorsal-pterygiophore pattern and some body proportions. Neobathyclupea malayana is re-diagnosed. Individual variations in armament of the preopercle and in the dorsal-pterygiophore patterns within Bathyclupeidae are discussed.

Keywords: Pisces, False herrings, Bathyclupeidae, taxonomy, preopercular morphology, postcranial skeleton, Indian Ocean


Etymology. From Greek “melas” (black) and “pteron” (wing, fin) referring to the characteristic fin coloration.


Artem M. Prokofiev, Ofer Gon and Peter N. Psomadakis. 2016.  A New Species of Neobathyclupea from the northern Indian Ocean with Comments on N. malayana (Teleostei, Perciformes, Bathyclupeidae).
Zootaxa. 4208(5); 474–484. DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4208.5.5

[Paleontology • 2016] Tingmiatornis arctica • A Large Ornithurine Bird from the Turonian High Arctic: Climatic and Evolutionary Implications

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Tingmiatornis arctica 
 Bono, Clarke, Tarduno & Brinkman, 2016 

Illustration: M. Osadciw  DOI:  10.1038/srep38876 

Abstract
Bird fossils from Turonian (ca. 90 Ma) sediments of Axel Heiberg Island (High Canadian Arctic) are among the earliest North American records. The morphology of a large well-preserved humerus supports identification of a new volant, possibly diving, ornithurine species (Tingmiatornis arctica). The new bird fossils are part of a freshwater vertebrate fossil assemblage that documents a period of extreme climatic warmth without seasonal ice, with minimum mean annual temperatures of 14 °C. The extreme warmth allowed species expansion and establishment of an ecosystem more easily able to support large birds, especially in fresh water bodies such as those present in the Turonian High Arctic. Review of the high latitude distribution of Northern Hemisphere Mesozoic birds shows only ornithurine birds are known to have occupied these regions. We propose physiological differences in ornithurines such as growth rate may explain their latitudinal distribution especially as temperatures decline later in the Cretaceous. Distribution and physiology merit consideration as factors in their preferential survival of parts of one ornithurine lineage, Aves, through the K/Pg boundary.


Systematic Paleontology

Avialae Gauthier 198635
Ornithurae Haeckel 186636

Tingmiatornis arctica gen. et. sp. nov.

Etymology: The genus name is from “Tingmiat”, which in Inuktitut references “those that fly”. The species name makes reference to the high Arctic provenance of the holotype and referred material.






Figure 3: The holotype specimen of Tingmiatornis arctica, NUFV 1960, a complete left humerus.
 Photograph (left) and x-ray computed tomography images (right) of the element in caudal, proximal, cranial, and ventral views. 

Locality and horizon: Units exposed at the fossil locality, located on Expedition Fiord (79° 23.5′N, 92° 10.9′W), Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada (Fig. 1), vary in lithology from siltstone at the top of the section to shale near the base. These units, containing the new avialan remains as part of a rich fossil vertebrate assemblage, occur in a thinly deposited (~3 m) layer directly underlying Kanguk shale and overlying the subaerially-erupted Strand Fiord Formation flood basalts. The fossil beds are exposed on opposing sides of a river-cut and extend for approximately 50 m. Radiometric data and stratigraphic constraints suggest an age of ~92 Ma (Turonian) for the fossil assemblage, which includes champsosaurs, freshwater fish, turtles, and elasmosaurs. Depositional characteristics suggest a large bay, whereas the presence of freshwater fish, turtles, and champsosaurs indicates a freshwater to brackish environment4. The paleolatitude for the locality during deposition of the fossil-bearing strata, based on paleomagnetic analyses of the Strand Fiord basalts, is ~71° N37.

Diagnosis: The new taxon is differentiated from Ichthyornis by numerous features including the more globose humeral head with significant caudal extent, a narrow deltopectoral crest and more strongly developed secondary pneumotricipital fossa. The bicipital crest in the new taxon is also more elongate, convex distally, and transitions smoothly into the humeral shaft distally, rather than at an angle approaching 90 degrees. The new taxon possesses a narrower, slightly cranially deflected deltopectoral crest that is significantly less than shaft diameter in dorsal extent. It is differentiated from the proposed hesperornithiform Pasquiaornis tankei [RSM (Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada) P2487.4] in its larger size as well as proportions of the humerus (Supplementary Table S2, measurements from ref. 27). The new taxon is also differentiated from Pasquiaornis in the relatively more globose dorsal condyle, the weakly-projected olecranon process and smaller bicipital tubercle on the ulna. It should be noted that all elements from Pasquiaornis tankei and Pasquiaornis hardiei are isolated and that forelimb elements did not comprise holotype material in either species27. However, they are similar to the new taxon in the narrow, elongate and slightly cranially-deflected deltopectoral crest.

.......

An artist’s conception of the bird’s possible environment 90 million years ago, characterized by volcanic activity, a freshwater bay, turtles, fish, and champsosaurs.
Illustration: Michael Osadciw


Richard K. Bono, Julia Clarke, John A. Tarduno and Donald Brinkman. 2016. A Large Ornithurine Bird (Tingmiatornis arctica) from the Turonian High Arctic: Climatic and Evolutionary Implications.   Scientific Reports. 6, Article number: 38876. DOI:  10.1038/srep38876

New prehistoric bird species discovered

UR team discovers prehistoric species of bird 

[Botany • 2015] Syzygium humbertii & S. mortonianum spp. nov. (Myrtaceae) from Madagascar

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Abstract

Two new species, Syzygium humbertii Byng and S. mortonianumByng, are described from Madagascar. When compared with other Madagascan Syzygium, S. humbertii Byng is characterised by sessile to subsessile leaves, orbicular to oval blades with usually cordate bases and rounded apices, and an obconic hypanthium. Syzygium mortonianum Byng is characterised by relatively long leaves that are typically wrinkled when dried, widely spaced venation, long petioles, and particularly dense capitate inflorescences with many flowers. Both new species are threatened with extinction and known from few contemporary collections.




James W. Byng. 2015. Syzygium humbertii and S. mortonianum spp. nov. (Myrtaceae) from Madagascar.    Nordic Journal of Botany.  34(3); 355–359. DOI:  10.1111/njb.00843/full

[Botany • 2016] Kuepferia kanchii sp. nov. (Gentianaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya

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Kuepferia kanchii  
D. Maity, Sentu K. Dey & Adr. Favre  


Kuepferia kanchii D. Maity, Sentu K. Dey & Adr. Favre, a new species from Sikkim Himalaya, is described and illustrated. It differs from its close relative K. infelix (C.B.Clarke) Adr. Favre [=Gentiana infelix C.B.Clarke] by having sessile and smaller flowers, as well as smaller floral components. Kuepferia kanchii is further characterized by a white corolla with bluish green patches on the outside at the base of each corolla lobe, and a corolla tube flushed with light green inside towards the base, blue filaments, sessile stigma, smaller capsule, and trigonous–elongated, c. 0.8 mm long and curved seeds.






  
  

Debabrata Maity, Sentu Kumar Dey and Adrien Favre. 2016. Kuepferia kanchii sp. nov. (Gentianaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya. Nordic Journal of Botany. 34(4); 416–420. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01050
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